The Evolution of Corrections Oversight in a Changing World

Nicolle Barton, Executive Director Criminal Justice Coordinating Council, City of St. Louis

Nicolle Barton is the Executive Director of the Criminal Justice Coordinating Council for St. Louis, focusing on fair justice administration through collaboration and planning. Previously, she served as Consent Decree Coordinator for Ferguson, ensuring compliance with federal oversight, and as the inaugural Commissioner for the St. Louis Civilian Oversight Board, developing policies for police and jail oversight. Nicolle has over 20 years of experience in leadership, policy development, and community engagement, with a background in law enforcement and probation. A member of NACOLE and NOBLE, she is a Certified Fraud Examiner and an advocate for social and criminal justice reform.

Insights about Professional Journey and Current Responsibilities

I earned an undergraduate degree in Criminal Justice while working and raising two children as a single mother. My career began with the Missouri Board of Probation and Parole, where I served as a probation and parole officer for seven years before earning multiple promotions, including unit supervisor. During my tenure, I contributed to policy development, co-chaired domestic violence training initiatives and participated in pilot projects. I also served on the St. Louis County Family and Domestic Violence Council Board, where we helped establish the county’s first Domestic Violence Court.

In August 2014, following the unrest after Michael Brown’s death in Ferguson, I shifted my focus toward fostering community-police relationships. This led to my appointment in 2015 as the inaugural director of the St. Louis City Civilian Oversight Board, where I built the agency’s policies and processes, hired staff and worked with internal affairs on complaint investigations.

Later, I served as Ferguson’s Consent Decree Coordinator, collaborating with the Department of Justice and the Federal Monitor team to ensure compliance with reforms. In 2022, Mayor Jones appointed me as Director of the Criminal Justice Coordinating Council for St. Louis. I work with key stakeholders—including the chief of police, prosecuting attorney, public defender’s office, jail commissioner, sheriff’s office, municipal and circuit court judges to identify and address systemic gaps. My expertise also extends to the expanded Civilian Oversight Board, which now investigates misconduct in both policing and corrections.

The Pressing Issues Reshaping Corrections Oversight Today

There are many issues plaguing corrections oversight today. For example, the success of our work can depend on who is in charge of the administration at the time. This is why our goal is to develop policies and procedures that remain effective and sustainable regardless of who is in office—whether at the local, state or federal level.

Barriers often arise that hinder our ability to conduct thorough investigations. In our local jail system, for instance, someone might file a complaint, but by the time the investigation begins, they may have already been released, making it difficult to track them down. Obtaining witness statements can also be challenging due to bureaucratic hurdles.

Political dynamics can further complicate matters, as certain administrations may create obstacles that prevent the work from progressing. As we delve deeper, we often encounter additional challenges. In some cities and states, contacting an individual for a complaint investigation requires prior approval from their attorney. While this might be standard protocol, it can be frustrating since our inquiries are not related to criminal charges but rather to issues like inadequate conditions or subpar medical services within the institution. These are critical matters that deserve prompt attention so we can collaborate on solutions to improve the living conditions of those currently confined.

Innovative Trends Transforming Corrections Oversight

In every profession, there are a percentage of individuals who may not be well-suited for their roles—whether it’s customer service, healthcare, corrections or law enforcement. It’s crucial to implement a thorough screening process to ensure that candidates are morally and ethically sound. We need people who will treat others humanely and approach their work with a positive mindset. That’s the first step—hiring the right individuals for the job.

“Innovation in corrections starts with hiring ethical professionals, equipping them with modern training, and holding them accountable to the highest standards”

Currently, both corrections and police departments nationwide are experiencing significant staffing shortages that add another layer of complexity. This challenge impacts operations, as inadequate staffing can hinder progress within facilities. For instance, a common complaint is that individuals in correctional facilities aren’t receiving adequate recreational time. Upon investigation, this is often linked to staffing shortages. Addressing this issue requires hiring sufficient staff and ensuring that those hired are well-qualified and committed to the profession.

Another critical component is training. Staff in corrections and law enforcement must receive modern, 21st-century best practices in their training to ensure positive and effective interactions with others. High-quality training equips personnel with the skills and knowledge necessary to perform their duties effectively.

Additionally, policies play a significant role. Facilities must regularly review their policies to ensure they align with current best practices. What worked 10, 15 or 20 years ago may no longer be effective today. Revising and updating policies benefits both staff and the individuals within the institution, creating a more functional and fair environment.

Key Takeaways from a Corrections Oversight Project

During my time with St. Louis City over the past two years, we’ve addressed significant challenges in the jail system, including several deaths and systemic issues in healthcare and oversight. Recognizing the need for improvement, our mayor allocated funding to enhance healthcare and behavioral health services within the facility. In December 2023, we replaced the previous healthcare provider and established a Bureau of Health to oversee care quality. This ensures proper medication management, timely mental health evaluations and reduced court delays caused by evaluation backlogs.

I have also contributed to creating policies, procedures and training for the Detention Facility Oversight Board, which now investigates complaints and provides actionable recommendations. These efforts aim to address gaps and improve the system holistically. St. Louis City’s progress in oversight and care reform has been well-documented and reflects the hard work of the past two years.

Envisioning the Next Phase of Corrections Oversight

The aim to ensure all staff and members are fully trained and that we collaborate effectively with the interim commissioner to thoroughly investigate complaints. Additionally, I want to identify and address any unresolved issues in the jail to provide the best possible care for those in our system.

My vision includes reinstating and expanding programs that were paused during COVID. This includes faith-based initiatives, educational opportunities through partnerships like the local community college and practical skills training in areas like culinary arts, barbering and beauty. These programs are vital to equipping individuals with tools for success upon reentering the community.

Advice for Senior Leaders and Upcoming Professionals

For professionals entering the field, staying informed and connected is crucial. Joining organizations like the National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE) is an excellent way to network and learn from experienced practitioners about best practices and effective strategies. When I started without a background in oversight, I relied heavily on insights from seasoned experts to ensure the success of my agency.

Hiring consultants can also be invaluable, whether you’re establishing an oversight agency or helping police or jail departments build internal compliance units. Proactive efforts to evaluate and update policies, address deficiencies and align with best practices can prevent crises and negative publicity. It’s far better to address issues internally before they escalate into reactive measures and negative press as seen in cases like Michael Brown or George Floyd. Preparing in advance by adopting proactive measures is always more effective than reacting after the fact.

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